ICRC’s Implementation Guidance on IHL and the Protection of the Natural Environment

November 5, 2025

I saw that the ICRC posted the following information and I am resharing it here for those who are interested.

“Protection of the Natural Environment in Armed Conflict Under International Humanitarian Law: Implementation Guidance ref. 4926

The present implementation guidance document sets out measures to assist national entities implementing IHL rules protecting the natural environment, with a focus on certain key obligations. It includes checklists of the types of measure that states can take at the national level to ensure compliance with these rules and provides examples of state practice that illustrate possible approaches to implementation. This document supports incorporation of the IHL rules set out in the ICRC’s 2020 Guidelines on the Protection of the Natural Environment in Armed Conflict into states’ military doctrine and legal and policy frameworks. It also supports the implementation of relevant UN International Law Commission’s Principles on Protection of the Environment in Relation to Armed Conflicts.”

Download the ICRC Implementation document HERE.

The ICRC also posted the following information on their LinkedIn.com page (on November 5, 2026) as follows:

“Protection of the natural environment in armed conflict under international humanitarian law

As the world marks the International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict on 6 November, how can states translate international humanitarian law (IHL) into concrete measures to better protect the natural environment during armed conflict?

ICRC’s Implementation Guidance on IHL and the Protection of the Natural Environment offers a practical roadmap for strengthening national implementation of IHL rules protecting the environment. Drawing on positive examples from across regions, it identifies seven national law and policy measures that states can adopt, including incorporating environmental protections into domestic legislation and military manuals, safeguarding environmentally sensitive areas, considering environmental impacts in weapons reviews, and strengthening military training.

Through practical checklists and examples of national practice, the Guidance helps states turn legal obligations into action. It also supports the implementation of the UN International Law Commission’s Principles on Protection of the Environment in Relation to Armed Conflicts.”

Murder in the Ocean

by Travis Normand
September 22, 2026

The title of this post is “Murder in the Ocean.” The decision to use the term “Murder” is mine alone, as I do not see how any of the killings that are part of Operation Southern Spear are legal and/or have any justification.

Having said that, I think the article titled: “Blowing up Boats: The Numbing Effect of Repetitive Illegality,” by Geoffrey Corn (posted on September 2, 2026 at TheCipherBrief.com) encapsulates the best analysis and discussion of this topic.

In other words, for those who are interested, I would highly suggest you read Geoffrey Corn’s article.

Article explaining the legal obligations associated with occupying Gaza

by Travis Normand
August 29, 2025

The following article does a pretty good job explaining the considerations and legal obligations associated with occupation and moving the civilian population.

Israel is planning to conquer Gaza City – what legal obligations will that incur?
By Jeremy Sharon, posted on August 22, 2025, at 12:05 pm and Updated at 1:21 pm, here: TimesofIsrael.com (or https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-is-planning-to-conquer-gaza-city-what-legal-obligations-will-that-incur/)

Additionally, the following is a “podcast” discussion from the Daily Briefing (Times of Israel) with host Amanda Borschel-Dan and legal and settlements reporter Jeremy Sharon.

Daily Briefing Aug. 10: Day 674 – What would Israel’s legal duties be in a Gaza City takeover?
With Amanda Borschel-Dan and Jeremy Sharon, posted on August 10, 2025, here: TimesofIsrael.com (or https://www.timesofisrael.com/daily-briefing-aug-10-day-674-what-would-israels-legal-duties-be-in-a-gaza-city-takeover/)

Articles on Hamas and Gaza

by Travis Normand
August 8, 2025

I found the following articles this past week and consider them all a “must read.”

“The Secret System Hamas Uses to Pay Government Salaries”
Posted August 6, 2025 by Rushdi Abualouf at BBC.com

“Gaza is a War; Just a War”
Posted July 15, 2025 by Andrew Fox at MrAndrewFox.substack.com

“How the Israeli government is missing the chance to defeat Hamas – opinion”
Posted August 4, 2025 by Amos Yadlin at JPost.com

“Hamas Wants Gaza to Starve”
Posted July 31, 2025 by Ahmed Fouad Alkhatib at TheAtlantic.com

New Article on Proportionality

by Travis Normand
August 8, 2025

For those who want a better understanding of the principle of Proportionality, please check out the following paper that was posted at the “International Law Studies – US Naval War College” page HERE.

The article is:

Proportionality: Can’t Live With It, But Can’t Live Without It
by Geoffrey S. Corn

Abstract:

“Perhaps no other word in the international humanitarian law lexicon evokes more interest and emotion than proportionality. How States implement the rule of proportionality is perhaps the most hotly debated aspect of international humanitarian law. The indeterminate nature of the rule allows for its meaning to conform to whatever its reader wants it to mean. This is a consequence of the variables related to key provisions of the rule: How do we assess military advantage? What makes an anticipated military advantage “concrete and direct”? And most problematic of all, what is the meaning of the term “excessive”? All of these concerns raise troubling questions. Can the proportionality rule truly matter without consensus on what amounts to non-compliance? Does the rule’s indeterminacy undermine its value as a legal tool? This essay will consider several aspects of the proportionality rule: first, why it still reflects a critically important principle of military operations despite its indeterminacy; second, its limited operational efficacy as a civilian risk mitigation measure; and third, why shifting the focus to the principle of constant care and the subordinate rule of precautions in the attack will advance the humanitarian interests of the law.”

Download the article in PDF format HERE.

Great article at MilitaryTimes.com regarding Command Responsibility and Optional Law of War Training

by Travis Normand
May 19, 2025

I found the following opinion piece over at MilitaryTimes.com and thought it was great, so I figured I would share it / repost it here. I couldn’t agree more with the basic theme of the article which is that law of war training should not be optional for the military. This applies to so many things in life, as more training and education is never a bad thing, especially when it relates directly to your job as as an officer or soldier in the military.

Making law of war training optional is a recipe for disaster
by Geoffrey S. Corn
Friday, May 16, 2025
Posted at MilitaryTimes.com

For more, you can click the following link to read about “Command Responsibility” (see Yamashita standard) which is alluded to in the opinion piece above.

See also U.S. Supreme Court (4 February 1946), Application of Yamashita, 327 U.S. 1 (1946) [full text of the opinion]

Current Cease Fire “Deal” to Gaza War (as of May 7, 2024)

by Travis Normand
May 7, 2024

I found the following article that lays out, in basic terms, the current cease fire deal to the “Gaza War” (that started on Oct. 7, 2023). This is the “deal” that is currently on the table, and is apparently supported by Hamas but not by Israel. I am posting this so that you can read the basic terms of the proposed agreement. However, I am not sharing my opinions on the deal or any side of the current armed conflict.

What’s in the three-phase ceasefire deal Hamas backs, but Israel does not?
By Reuters May 7, 2024, 4:29 AM CDT
Posted on Reuters.com: https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/three-phase-ceasefire-deal-hamas-backs-israel-does-not-2024-05-06/
(Reporting by Andrew Mills in Doha and Nafisa Eltahir and Nidal al-Mughrabi in Cairo and Tala Ramadan in Dubai; Editing by Edmund Blair, Josie Kao, Michael Georgy and Alison Williams)

Study on Legality of Israeli Occupation of the Palestinian Territory

by Travis Normand
December 6, 2023

While doing some research for a previous post, I stumbled upon the following document:

“Study on the Legality of the Israeli Occupation of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Including East Jerusalem,” by Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People, United Nations, 2023; and found online here: https://www.un.org/unispal/document/ceirpp-legal-study2023/

I haven’t read the document yet, but figured I would post it here as I like to share things I find in the event anyone else finds them useful.

U.S. DOJ Files Charges Under U.S. War Crimes Law

by Travis Normand
December 6, 2023

This post is about the herein referenced charges filed by the U.S. Department of Justice. However, it this post also contains information about the status of the Defendants in an armed conflict. The second-part of the post, related to the Defendants’ status, was included due to the terminology used to describe the Defendants in the articles below.

(Part 1): U.S. DOJ Files Charges Under U.S. War Crimes Law:

Apparently the U.S. Department of Justice has filed charges under a U.S. war crimes law that was passed in 1996 (the War Crimes Act of 1996). According to the DOJ, this is the first time charges have been filed using this law. While I imagine this is purely a political move of some kind or another, I don’t really discuss politics on this blog (or at least, I don’t discuss them directly; and I try not to speculate).

In any event, I have posted several articles below as well as a short synopsis of each article. I have also included a link to the indictment, which can be read HERE.

Continue reading →